The cooling system in most cars consists of the radiator and water pump. Next, we'll learn what can go wrong with engines. It contains some amount of oil, which collects in the bottom of the sump (the oil pan).
The crankshaft turns the piston's up-and-down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does. It can rotate at both ends so that its angle can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates. The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. That's one of the reasons why engines last longer and can go longer between oil changes. Many modern vehicles use more advance materials for piston rings. Most cars that "burn oil" and have to have a quart added every 1,000 miles are burning it because the engine is old and the rings no longer seal things properly. They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would be burned and lost.They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking into the sump during compression and combustion.Now let's look at all the parts that work together to make this happen, starting with the cylinders. The rotational motion is nice because we plan to turn (rotate) the car's wheels with it anyway. In an engine, the linear motion of the pistons is converted into rotational motion by the crankshaft. Now the engine is ready for the next cycle, so it intakes another charge of air and gas. Once the piston hits the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the exhaust leaves the cylinder to go out the tailpipe.
The gasoline charge in the cylinder explodes, driving the piston down. When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, the spark plug emits a spark to ignite the gasoline.Compression makes the explosion more powerful. Then the piston moves back up to compress this fuel/air mixture.Only the tiniest drop of gasoline needs to be mixed into the air for this to work.